Australian researchers have found that women carry a significantly higher genetic risk for clinical depression than men, in a study published on Wednesday that may influence future treatment of the disorder.

Findings showed women possessed almost twice the number of genetic markers associated with depression compared to men. The project was led by the Berghofer Medical Research Institute in Australia.

Researcher Jodi Thomas said the genetic contribution to depression appeared stronger in women than in men. She added that distinguishing shared and unique genetic factors between the sexes provided a clearer understanding of the causes of depression and could enable more tailored treatments.

It has long been recognised that depression occurs more frequently in women, although the biological reasons have remained unclear.

The team identified around 13,000 genetic markers linked to depression in women, compared with 7,000 markers in men. Some of these variations may affect biological pathways related to metabolism or hormone production.

Thomas explained that certain genetic differences might explain why women with depression more often experience metabolic symptoms, such as weight fluctuations or changes in energy levels.

Another researcher, Brittany Mitchell, suggested the findings could alter approaches to treating depression in women. She pointed out that until now, research had rarely provided consistent explanations for the differing impact of depression on women and men, including the genetic factors involved.

Mitchell also highlighted that much existing medication and research primarily focused on male participants.

Clinical depression, or major depressive disorder, is one of the most common mental illnesses worldwide. The World Health Organization estimates that more than 300 million people globally suffer from depression.

The study appeared in the peer-reviewed journal Nature Communications.