A widely used weight-loss injection, GLP-1 receptor agonist, may offer significant protection against dementia in people with type 2 diabetes—surpassing the benefits provided by the commonly prescribed drug metformin, a new international study has revealed.
While metformin remains the first-line treatment for type 2 diabetes, GLP-1 (glucagon-like peptide-1) agonists are typically administered when metformin proves ineffective or poorly tolerated. In recent years, GLP-1 has gained traction not only for blood sugar regulation but also as a powerful tool for weight loss due to its appetite-suppressing properties and ability to promote satiety.
However, its potential neurological benefits are now coming to light.
The large-scale study, published in a peer-reviewed journal, assessed brain health outcomes among type 2 diabetes patients and found that those treated with GLP-1 receptor agonists had a significantly lower risk of developing dementia compared to those on metformin alone.
Experts say that individuals with type 2 diabetes face a disproportionately high risk of cognitive decline. Some studies have estimated that they are up to 70 per cent more likely to develop dementia than those without the condition.
Both GLP-1 and metformin have been recognised in previous research for offering some level of neuroprotection. However, this latest study underscores the potential of GLP-1 as a more effective agent in preserving brain function over the long term.
The findings could influence treatment protocols for type 2 diabetes, particularly in patients deemed at risk of cognitive decline due to age or existing comorbidities.
Medical professionals caution that while the results are promising, further research is needed to determine whether GLP-1's brain benefits extend to non-diabetic individuals or those already diagnosed with dementia.
