Vitamin B12 is essential for several bodily functions, particularly the production of red blood cells, the maintenance of the nervous system, and the synthesis of DNA.
A deficiency in this vitamin can result in serious health consequences, including anaemia and neurological disorders.
Role of Vitamin B12 in body
Vitamin B12 supports numerous vital functions. It is crucial for the formation of red blood cells, which are responsible for transporting oxygen throughout the body. It also aids in maintaining the health of the nervous system by supporting the production of myelin – the protective sheath surrounding nerves. Furthermore, it contributes to DNA synthesis, which is necessary for cell growth and repair.
Health Benefits of adequate intake
Adequate levels of vitamin B12 have been associated with improved cardiovascular health, owing to the reduction of homocysteine – an amino acid linked to a higher risk of heart disease. This vitamin also contributes to maintain energy levels and reduce fatigue. In addition, vitamin B12 may support cognitive functions such as memory, and help reduce the risk of mood disorders, including depression and dementia.
Dietary sources of Vitamin B12
Vitamin B12 is naturally present in various animal-based foods. These include red meat, poultry, fish, eggs and dairy products. Fortified foods, such as certain breakfast cereals and plant-based milk alternatives (e.g., soy milk), can also provide this vitamin. Individuals who follow vegetarian or vegan diets may require vitamin B12 supplements to meet recommended intake levels.
Symptoms of Vitamin B12 deficiency
A deficiency in vitamin B12 may present through a variety of symptoms. Common signs include fatigue, weakness, reduced appetite, weight loss and anaemia. In more severe cases, neurological symptoms such as numbness or tingling in the hands and feet, difficulty with coordination or walking, memory impairment and mood disturbances may occur.
Health consequences of deficiency
If untreated, vitamin B12 deficiency can result in megaloblastic anaemia, a condition characterised by the presence of abnormally large and dysfunctional red blood cells. It can also cause neurological complications, including balance problems, memory loss and psychological effects such as mood swings or confusion.
Treatment options
Treatment typically involves vitamin B12 supplementation, either through oral tablets or intramuscular injections, depending on the severity of the deficiency. Adjustments to dietary intake may also be recommended to include more vitamin B12-rich foods. Medical consultation is necessary to determine the appropriate treatment plan and dosage.
