Smog has once again gripped Lahore ringing alarm bells for residents and environmentalists alike, as the provincial capital earned the dubious distinction of being the "second most polluted city" in the world –with only Doha surpassing it, according to data on the Air Quality Index (AQI).

Qatar's capital city Doha registered an air quality index of 188 while Lahore followed closely at 158.

An air quality index (AQI) exceeding 100 is considered detrimental to human health.

Smog, a combination of smoke and fog, typically descends upon Lahore in mid-October and lingers through the winter months.

Its composition includes pollutants such as particulate matter (PM2.5 and PM10), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), sulfur dioxide (SO2), and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) that are released into the atmosphere from various sources, including vehicular emissions, industrial processes, and agricultural activities.

During the winter season, the city grapples with deteriorating air quality. This decline is largely attributed to agricultural practices in the wider Punjab province, where farmers often set ablaze the remnants of their crops, releasing smoke that exacerbates the prevailing smog. Additionally, weather conditions play a significant role, as they tend to trap pollutants in the atmosphere for extended periods.

In November 2019, Lahore ranked as one of the world's most polluted cities, occasionally surpassing even Delhi, according to IQAir AirVisual's live rankings.

In the 2018 World Air Quality Report, Lahore held the 10th spot, with neighboring Faisalabad at 3rd place, Islamabad at 239th, and Karachi at 318th.

The effects of smog are not limited to health concerns alone. It also has adverse effects on visibility, transportation systems, and the overall quality of life in the city.

Moreover, reduced visibility can lead to road accidents and transportation disruptions.

What can we do to protect ourselves from dirty air in Lahore?

Air pollution in Lahore, like in many other cities, can have detrimental effects on health. It's essential to take steps to protect yourself and your family from the harmful effects of air pollution.

Here are some measures you can take:

Stay informed: Keep track of air quality levels in Lahore. Many smartphone apps and websites provide real-time air quality data. Pay attention to government advisories and air quality index (AQI) readings to know when pollution levels are high.

Limit outdoor activities: When air quality is poor, try to reduce your time spent outdoors, especially during peak pollution hours. These hours often occur in the early morning and late evening.

Use air purifiers: Consider investing in air purifiers for your home and workplace. These devices can help reduce indoor air pollution and provide a safe environment, especially if you have vulnerable family members like children or the elderly.

Seal windows and doors: Make sure your windows and doors are properly sealed to prevent outdoor pollutants from entering your living spaces.

Wear masks: On days with extremely poor air quality, wearing a mask designed to filter out pollutants (e.g., N95 or N99 masks) can help protect your lungs when you need to be outside.

Ventilation: If you must use public transportation or spend time in indoor public spaces, choose locations with good ventilation to reduce exposure to indoor pollutants.

Avoid smoking: If you smoke, quit or at least avoid smoking indoors or near open windows. Secondhand smoke can contribute to indoor air pollution.

Limit outdoor exercise: On days with high pollution levels, try to exercise indoors or during times when air quality is better. If you must exercise outdoors, do so in less polluted areas or parks, and avoid busy roadways.

Reduce personal vehicle use: Car emissions are a significant contributor to air pollution. Consider using public transportation, carpooling, biking, or walking whenever possible to reduce your carbon footprint.

Plant indoor air-purifying plants: Some indoor plants, such as snake plants, spider plants, and peace lilies, can help improve indoor air quality by removing certain pollutants.

Stay hydrated and eat healthy: A well-balanced diet and staying hydrated can help your body cope better with the effects of pollution.

Consult a physician: If you or a family member experience respiratory problems or other health issues related to air pollution, consult a healthcare professional for advice and treatment.