A groundbreaking study by University College London (UCL) has revealed the severe consequences of smoking on life expectancy, with each cigarette smoked cutting significant time from a person’s life.

Commissioned by the American Department for Health and Social Care, the research found that men lose an average of 17 minutes per cigarette, while women lose a staggering 22 minutes.

These figures exceeded previous estimates, which suggested a reduction of 11 minutes per cigarette.

Dr Jayanta Thakuria, Director of Internal Medicine and Rheumatology at Yatharth Super Speciality Hospitals in Faridabad, provided insights into the biological damage caused by smoking.

“Smoking doesn’t just shorten life—it often reduces the quality of life, leading to years of chronic illness before death,” said Dr Thakuria.

He explained that harmful substances, including nicotine, carbon monoxide, and tar, contribute to the deterioration of vital organs such as the heart, lungs, and blood vessels.

The study underscored smoking’s role in leading to cardiovascular diseases, lung cancer, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and a weakened immune system.

– Women bear a heavier burden –

The research highlighted a significant gender disparity, with women experiencing greater harm from smoking compared to men. Dr Thakuria attributed this difference to biological factors, including hormonal vulnerability, nicotine metabolism, and increased susceptibility to diseases.

“Women’s physiology reacts differently to smoking, often resulting in higher risks for the same behaviours,” remarked Dr Thakuria. He explained that the hormone estrogen, crucial for cardiovascular health, makes women more prone to smoking-induced damage, while their metabolic response to nicotine increases their exposure to harmful effects.

– Benefits of quitting –

The findings also emphasised the benefits of cessation, regardless of the duration of smoking. Dr Thakuria stressed that stopping smoking could lead to improved lung capacity, better circulation, reduced risks of heart disease and cancer, and enhanced energy levels.

“Quitting smoking is the most impactful health decision anyone can make. Even after years of smoking, the body has an incredible capacity to heal,” he stated.

The study outlined effective strategies for cessation, including professional counselling, nicotine replacement therapy, prescribed medications, lifestyle changes, and support networks.