Microsoft co-founder Bill Gates has called for new rules to protect workers as artificial intelligence rapidly changes the way people work.
In a new essay, Gates proposed creating a category of “Human Reserved” jobs that would be performed exclusively by people, even when AI or robots are technically capable of doing them.
He compared the idea to protecting natural land, arguing that some jobs could be deliberately preserved for humans even if automation offers a more efficient alternative.
What are ‘Human Reserved’ jobs?
Gates said governments could decide which professions should remain human-only based on their individual workforce needs and demographics.
For example, a country with a large elderly population might choose to reserve caregiving jobs for humans, while a country facing a shortage of workers could decide that robots should be allowed to perform such roles.
The proposal would therefore allow governments to determine which types of work are considered important enough to protect from automation.
Gates warns AI could threaten millions of jobs
Gates also warned that advances in AI could put many entry-level and mid-level jobs at risk.
He identified areas including customer service, sales and software engineering as professions that could face significant disruption as AI becomes more capable.
Physical jobs could also eventually be affected as robots become cheaper and more sophisticated, he said, potentially putting occupations such as construction at risk.
Why Gates is worried about young workers
Gates said he is particularly concerned about young people entering the workforce if companies increasingly rely on AI and automation.
A decline in entry-level positions could make it harder for young workers to gain their first professional experience and build careers.
However, Gates argued that governments still have an opportunity to prepare for the changes if they act before large-scale job displacement occurs.
How would a ‘robot tax’ work?
As part of his proposal, Gates suggested imposing a “robot tax” on companies that replace human workers with AI or automated systems.
The money raised could then be used to retrain workers whose jobs have been affected by automation and provide support for people transitioning into new careers.
Gates urged policymakers to start addressing the potential impact of AI on employment now rather than waiting until widespread job losses become a larger economic and social problem.
