Pakistan’s universities frequently emphasise discipline, structure, and accountability as cornerstones of academic quality.
One of the most commonly used tools to enforce these values is mandatory attendance, often set at 70 to 75 per cent as a precondition for appearing in examinations. While such requirements may appear reasonable in principle, their rigid application in postgraduate and professional programmes raises important questions about the purpose and direction of higher education.
Across the country, many universities follow strict attendance-marking practices, including fixed grace periods for late arrival, after which students are marked absent regardless of how much of the class they actually attend. In undergraduate programmes, such measures are often justified as tools for developing routine and discipline. However, when the same approach is applied wholesale to postgraduate programmes such as MBAs, executive degrees, and other professional qualifications, the policy begins to lose its educational coherence.
Postgraduate students are adult learners. Many are working professionals who balance full-time employment, family responsibilities, and academic commitments. Their engagement with education is typically outcome-oriented, focused on skills acquisition, critical thinking, and practical application. Internationally, higher-education systems increasingly recognise this distinction by adopting flexible attendance models, hybrid learning structures, and evaluation systems that prioritise demonstrated competence over physical presence alone.
In Pakistan, universities enjoy considerable autonomy in academic governance. The Higher Education Commission permits institutions to prescribe minimum attendance thresholds as part of internal discipline and quality assurance. However, this autonomy also carries a responsibility to ensure that academic rules are reasonable, transparent, and aligned with educational objectives. Importantly, national guidelines do not mandate zero-tolerance enforcement, rigid late-arrival cut-offs, or the absence of any condonation or adjustment mechanism.
The issue, therefore, is not the existence of attendance requirements, but the manner in which they are enforced.
When attendance policies operate without flexibility or proportionality, they risk becoming administrative barriers rather than educational tools. Students may be barred from examinations despite having attended a substantial portion of classes, completed coursework, and met learning outcomes. Such exclusions can undermine confidence in academic institutions and foster the perception that procedural compliance is being prioritised over substantive learning.
Pakistani courts have traditionally exercised restraint in academic matters, recognising them as falling within the domain of institutional autonomy. This judicial deference places an even greater responsibility on universities to ensure that their internal policies are fair, pedagogically sound, and suited to the nature of the programmes they offer. Rules originally designed for undergraduate settings should not be mechanically transplanted onto professional and postgraduate education without reconsideration.
Higher education is ultimately about intellectual development, professional competence, and independent thinking. Attendance may support these goals, but it cannot substitute for them. Treating adult learners as though they require school-style surveillance risks eroding the very professionalism and responsibility that postgraduate programmes claim to cultivate.
As Pakistan continues to expand its higher-education sector, the conversation must move beyond control towards capacity-building, and beyond rigid compliance towards meaningful engagement. Attendance should remain a tool to enhance learning, not a gatekeeping mechanism that excludes capable students from academic progression.
This is not an argument for abandoning discipline. It is a call for a more nuanced, mature approach to academic governance — one that reflects the realities of adult education and the evolving demands of a modern professional society.
