Bangladesh heads to the polls on February 12 for what many are calling the country’s first truly competitive election in over a decade.

With former Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina’s Awami League banned, Gen Z and youth voters are playing a decisive role in shaping the nation’s political future.

For years, Bangladesh’s elections were dominated by Hasina’s Awami League, with opposition parties sidelined or boycotting the vote. Following mass protests in 2024 and the ousting of Hasina, the political landscape has shifted dramatically.

The Bangladesh Nationalist Party (BNP), led by Tarique Rahman, is widely expected to secure a parliamentary majority, while the Jamaat-e-Islami coalition, bolstered by a Gen Z-driven movement, is mounting a strong challenge. This marks the first competitive election since 2009, ending a 15-year period of near one-party dominance.

Gen Z: The kingmakers

Analysts say roughly a quarter of the electorate consists of voters under 30, making their participation critical. Young voters have expressed strong interest in tackling corruption, high living costs, and job creation rather than focusing solely on ideological or religious issues.

Mohammad Rakib, 21, a first-time voter, said: “Everyone was tired of Awami League. People couldn’t even vote during national elections. I hope the next government ensures freedom of expression and respects the voice of the people.”

Economic and geopolitical stakes

Bangladesh faces pressing economic challenges, including high inflation, slowing investment, and growing dependence on international financing from the IMF and World Bank. Voters are prioritizing leaders who demonstrate competence, accountability, and the ability to restore economic stability.

The election outcome also carries regional implications. China’s influence has grown since Hasina fled to India, while India’s sway has waned. Observers say a Jamaat-led government might tilt closer to Pakistan, whereas a BNP government could maintain a balanced foreign policy.

Campaign atmosphere

Across Dhaka and other major cities, streets are adorned with campaign posters for BNP, Jamaat, and several independent candidates. Political rallies, party songs, and public debates have energized citizens, contrasting sharply with past elections dominated by Awami League’s “boat” symbol.

Despite concerns over potential unrest, voter enthusiasm appears high. About 15 million expatriate Bangladeshis will vote by post for the first time, reflecting the election’s broad national and global significance.

Historical context

Bangladesh’s elections have often been turbulent. Since independence in 1971, the country has experienced periods of military rule, contested polls, and political crackdowns. Key milestones include:

1973: First post-independence election, dominated by Awami League.
1979: BNP wins its first parliamentary majority.
1991: ‘Free and fair’ elections restore parliamentary democracy.
2014 & 2018: Awami League secures supermajorities amid opposition boycotts.
2024: Student-led protests oust Hasina, leading to the current caretaker government.

The February 12 vote marks a potential turning point as Bangladesh attempts to restore democratic competitiveness and political stability.