A study has found that without the contribution of a specific gene, nine out of ten cases of Alzheimer’s disease - and half of all dementia cases overall - may not occur.
A complex combination of factors such as age, lifestyle, and environmental influences can play a role in the development of Alzheimer’s disease. Among these factors is the APOE gene, which has long been known to increase the risk of Alzheimer’s.
However, new research conducted by scientists at University College London and the University of Eastern Finland has revealed that without a particular variant of this gene, cases of the disease may not develop at all. This discovery could play a crucial role in the development of treatments for this progressive condition.
Every individual carries two APOE genes, which exist in three common forms: ε2, ε3, and ε4. Previous studies have shown that the ε4 variant can increase the risk of dementia. This is because the protein it produces is less effective at clearing harmful amyloid beta - a protein that accumulates between brain cells and contributes to cognitive decline.
The latest research, however, has revealed that without the additional influence of the ε3 variant - traditionally not considered a cause of Alzheimer’s - the disease may not occur. This finding challenges existing assumptions and opens new avenues for understanding and potentially treating Alzheimer’s and dementia.
