Donald Trump has taken the oath of office as the 47th president of the United States.

US Supreme Court Chief Justice John Roberts administered the oath of office to Donald Trump at the Capitol Hill. Trump stood with his hand on a Bible inside the US Capitol just before noon ET (1700 GMT) and took the oath of office to "preserve, protect and defend" the US Constitution.

The ceremony was attended by 500,000 people. CJ Roberts has also administered the oath of office to Barack Obama in 2009 and 2013, Donald Trump in 2017, and Joe Biden in 2021.

Supreme Court Justice Brett Kavanaugh administered the vice presidential oath of office to JD Vance.

JD Vance inauguration oath

An audience of hundreds, including members of Congress, captains of the US high-tech industry and other VIPs erupted into cheers and applause as Donald Trump entered a packed Capitol Rotunda to the US Marine Band’s “Hail, America” march.

Biden and outgoing Vice President Kamala Harris, who lost to Trump in November, were on hand inside the Capitol's Rotunda, along with former presidents Barack Obama, George W. Bush and Bill Clinton. Former secretary of state Hillary Clinton, who lost to Trump in 2016, arrived with her husband Bill, but Obama's wife, Michelle, chose not to attend. Polite claps went up in the overflow room as Joe Biden and Kamala Harris entered the rotunda. Big cheers went up for JD Vance.

Loud boos rang out from Trump’s supporters inside the Capital One Arena when they saw images on a giant screen of Bill and Hillary Clinton arriving for Trump’s swearing-in ceremony. More boos followed when Trump’s supporters saw former Democratic President Barack Obama arriving. US Senator Bernie Sanders also attended.

Huge cheers erupted when Trump's children were shown arriving for the inauguration ceremony. The loudest cheer was for Barron Trump, his youngest child, aged 18.

Numerous tech executives who have sought to curry favour with the incoming administration - including the three richest men in the world, Tesla and SpaceX CEO Elon Musk, Amazon CEO Jeff Bezos and Meta CEO Mark Zuckerberg - had prominent seats on stage, next to cabinet nominees and members of Trump's family.

Zuckerberg's wife, Priscilla Chan, and Lauren Sanchez, partner of Jeff Bezos, were also among those attending the event. Boxing legend Mike Tyson was also in attendance. Sam Altman was notably absent from the Rotunda assembly of tech CEOs and was sitting quietly in an aisle seat in Emancipation Hall watching the proceedings on the screen.

Sam Altman was notably absent from the Rotunda assembly of tech CEOs and was sitting quietly in an aisle seat in Emancipation Hall watching the proceedings on the screen.

Argentinean President Javier Milei, Italian Prime Minister Giorgia Meloni, Chinese Vice President Han Zhengwei, Hungarian Prime Minister Viktor Orban, Ecuadorian President Daniel Anouk, El Salvadoran President Nayib Bukele, former Brazilian President Jair Bolsonaro, and former Polish prime minister Mateusz Morowicki attended Donald Trump's swearing-in ceremony by special invitation.

A large number of people from all over the world, including Pakistan's Interior Minister Mohsin Naqvi, attended Donald Trump's swearing-in ceremony.

Biden, in one of his last official acts, pardoned several people whom Trump has targeted for retaliation, including former White House chief medical adviser Anthony Fauci, former Republican US Representative Liz Cheney and former chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff Mark Milley.

Trump will restore the federal death penalty, which Biden had suspended, and require that official U.S. documents such as passports reflect citizens' gender as assigned at birth, incoming administration officials told reporters.

What is the oath of office?

The US Constitution spells out that “Before he enter on the Execution of his Office, he shall take the following Oath or Affirmation: I do solemnly swear (or affirm) that I will faithfully execute the Office of President of the United States, and will to the best of my Ability, preserve, protect and defend the Constitution of the United States.”

Which Bible is used for the swearing-in?

While reciting the oath of office, the president-elect typically places their left hand on the Bible although this is not specified in the US Constitution.

Sometimes presidents have chosen a specific passage to open the Bible on, others have had it open at random or closed.

In 2017, Trump swore his oath on the Abraham Lincoln Bible. He will use it again on Monday, along with his own Bible which was given to him by his mother in 1955 to mark his Sunday Church Primary School graduation. Biden used a family Bible which he had used to be sworn-in to every elected office during his career.

Barack Obama opted for Martin Luther King, Jr.’s Bible.

In 2001 George W. Bush had hoped to use the Masonic Bible used by George Washington in 1789, and his father George H.W. Bush in 1989.

It was transported under guard from New York to Washington for the ceremony, but the wet weather meant it was substituted for a family bible instead.

Franklin D. Roosevelt used the same Bible for all four of his inaugurations. It is the oldest to have been used at an inauguration, printed in 1686 and the only one written in a modern foreign language – Dutch.

But not everyone used a bible.

John Quincy Adams took the oath on a volume of law, while Theodore Roosevelt did not use any book when he was sworn in following the assassination of William McKinley.

Trump was declared successful in the US general election held on November 5 by getting 312 electoral votes, while his opponent Kamala Harris received 226 electoral votes.

Also Read: Naqvi in US to attend Donald Trump’s inauguration ceremony

Donald Trump has promised his voters during the election campaign that he will issue executive orders on the first day of assuming the presidency that will shock people.

Trump's election campaign promises

Deportation program

Donald Trump promised that he would start the largest deportation program in American history on his first day in office. Fox News says he is likely to declare a border emergency and order the military to take over the management of the country's southern border.

Construction of wall

When Trump first became president in 2016, he issued an order to build a wall on the Mexican border. Some parts of this wall have been built, but most of it is incomplete, and now Trump may try to complete this unfinished work.

Release of January 6 riots hostages

In 2021, hundreds of people were convicted for their involvement in the US Capitol Hill riots, many of whom Trump intends to pardon. Trump told CNN in an interview: “I am in favour of pardoning many of them. I can’t speak for everyone because some of them got very out of control.” It should be noted that 1,500 people were detained after these riots and 600 were sentenced.

TikTok

Recently, Donald Trump promised to issue an order to suspend the law banning the Chinese social media platform TikTok. Earlier, Trump had supported the ban on TikTok, but later changed his position and said that his videos were viewed billions of times on TikTok during his presidential campaign.

Ending birthright citizenship

Trump has called the 150-year-old constitutional right to American citizenship at birth on American soil “ridiculous” and has announced that he will end it on its first day. But doing so through an executive order will be very difficult because this right is guaranteed by the US Constitution.

Trump has also said that he is going to end the policy under which federal immigration authorities cannot raid churches or schools.

Tariffs

Trump has announced that he will impose tariffs on imported goods as part of the process of giving preference to American products.

Trump imposed tariffs on Chinese products in his first term, which Joe Biden maintained. But this time he is calling for a 10 percent tariff on all imports, 25 percent on goods coming from Canada and Mexico, while tariffs of up to 60 percent on Chinese products have been indicated.